The Most Incredibly Ignored Answer for Why Stanford Essay Samples

The Most Incredibly Ignored Answer for Why Stanford Essay Samples Applicants have a tendency to overthink the supplemental essay topic, often spending an excessive amount of time seeking to work out which admission officers wish to read. If you do so, the admission officers will not have the capacity to comprehend who you really are, what aspirations that you have, and what exactly you aspire to realize. The one thing that you should keep in mind is that the admissions officers do not would like to find out how smart you're as much since they are prepared to learn how you believe. During the application procedure, the admissions officers attempt to determine if you can make a huge effect on the world and in the event that you are going to have a positive effect on other students and the Stanford community as a whole. Most Noticeable Why Stanford Essay Samples Inappropriate coaching happens when you allow other people to craft any portion of your application for you and, as a c onsequence, your application or self-presentation isn't authentic. Examine the remainder of your program, and think what else are you missing from your application that you really need to emphasize. Since you may see, this is my universal cure for everything. You probably wish to be engaged in the growth of web applications later on. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. The opportunity to get this done for the whole 1,200-member organization was exhilarating. Explain the auto connection better. Looking at Why Yale'' essay examples may also help, although they aren't easy to find. This Stanford essay prompt is quite wide. 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Stanford gives a good deal of ideas and guidance on its website about what it's on the lookout for in the essays. In my experience, it highly values Thought Le aders as well as those who demonstrate more standard forms of leadership. If you have to take part in some self-reflection, Frankl's book is one spot to begin. You can pick any prompt and cover the subject in your paper. One of the absolute most important things to consider about this supplement, much like all supplements that lob a plethora of essays and short answer questions at you, is that every response is a chance to reveal something new about yourself to admissions. Share an essay on any subject of your pick. The Hidden Facts on Why Stanford Essay Samples It's very useful to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Fantastic rating and very good reviews should tell you everything that you need to understand about this excellent writing service. In the end, the detail of real speech makes the scene pop. There are a few chapters that are brilliant and require another reading. You may believe that it's strange that I like so various film genres. After editing is done, your thoughts, voice, and style stay intact. After editing is finished, your thoughts, voice, business style stay intact. Even when you're undecided on what major you want to study, you must decide on a particular school or college to apply to. You will need to totally account for who you are and what you've done, but should not attempt to overly sell yourself to Stanford because that's simply at odds with the way by which the school selects candidates. Because colleges wish to realize that you really need to attend their school. For example, Yale's residential college process is extremely unique and produces a different campus life experience than most universities. It's possible for you to stand out when you make certain that you deliver the very best Stanford medical school personal statement. If you wish to study at Stanford University, you have to do your very best to compose a worthy paper, which will surely grab the interest of the committee. If you want to be part of Stanford University, you must make an amazing essay that will convince the committee that you're the greatest and the student they are seeking. In addition to its growing cultural and ethnic diversity, State University is turning into a master at developing a niche for every single student. You may be wondering what you can possibly write about to stick out from different applicants with this kind of a brief assignment. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Your reply ought to be personal and, if at all possible, unexpected. 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Essay on “a Rose for Emily” Literary Analysis - 743 Words

Cameron Barba Ms. Carunchio English 11B 12 February 2009 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Literary Analysis In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner uses setting, character development, and stylistic devices to express the mystery of Emily and the somewhat gossip-obsessed attitude the townspeople have towards Emily. Faulkner uses the setting to convey the mystery surrounding Emily and her actions. For example, Faulkner writes â€Å" knocked at the door through which no visitor had passed since she ceased giving china-painting lessons eight or ten years earlier.† This quote shows the mystery of her house and how nobody knows what is in it or what goes on inside of it. The townspeople are wondering what goes on behind Miss Emily’s closed doors. Also†¦show more content†¦The townspeople are very interested in everything about her it seems and this is just another topic they gossip about. Another example of Miss Emily’s character change and how it relates to the mystery surrounding her is at first she sta rts going out â€Å"on Sunday afternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy and the matched team of bays from the livery table.† Then, later on, she wants poison for some odd reason and says â€Å"I want arsenic, The druggist looked down at her. She looked back at him, erect, her face like a strained flag†¦. What you are going to use it for. Miss Emily just stared at him.†(pg.651) Miss Emily is performing many strange actions that spark the interest of the townspeople. The inhabitants of the town try to give any explanation for the mystery of why she’s buying the poison, such as she is going to commit suicide. Her actions are just encouraging the townspeople to gossip about the mystery. Faulkner utilizes stylistic devices such as imagery, and figurative language to express the townspeople and their feeling towards Emily. For example, the author describes Miss Emily in great detail such as â€Å"her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like t wo small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as the moved from one face to another while the visitors stated theirShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis of â€Å"a Rose for Emily†1277 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose For Emily† The short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, by William Faulkner, is told by an unnamed narrator and broken into five sections. The story is not chronological, but completely out of order, adding mystery and climax. The first section begins with the death of the main character, Emily Grierson, and relates the thoughts and actions of the small Southern U.S. town. A flawed relationship between the town and Miss Emily is seen throughout the story. The tension betweenRead MoreA Rose for Emily: Literary Analysis Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Literary Analysis In William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† his main character Miss Emily Grierson’s deranged behavior leaves the reader questioning her mental status. Emily comes from a family with high expectations of her a sort of â€Å"hereditary obligation† (30). Emily has been mentally manipulated by her as so indicated in the line of the story â€Å"we did not say she was crazy then we believed she had to do that we remember all the young menRead MoreA Rose For Emily Literary Analysis957 Words   |  4 Pagesbelongs in the Realism era in the American Literary Canon. His writing was influence by his Southern upbringing, often setting his stories in the fictional Southern town, Yoknapatawpha County. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† was one of Faulkner’s first published pieces and displays many of the now signature characteristics of Faulkner’s writing. The short story provides commentary through the use of many symbols. In William Faulkner’s short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the author uses the townspeople as a representationRead MoreA Rose For Emily Literary Analysis975 Words   |  4 Pages In the short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner uses a modernistic style of writing combined with Southern Gothic themes to show how strange or â€Å"perverse† of a character Emily Grierson is. The story is split into five parts which all take place throughout Emily’s life. These five parts are not in chronological order. Not until the story is looked at in chronological order will the reader understand the full personality and life of Emily Grierson. The first and last thing the reader seesRead MoreA Rose For Emily Literary Analysis875 Words   |  4 Pagesnew ideas allows for both the individual and society to progress. William Faulkner packs the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† with different types of literary devices that describes the fight against change in the post-U.S. Civil War South. Faulkner’s story takes place in the Southern town of Jefferson Mississippi in the late 1800’s, early 1900’s. The symbolism of the primary characters (Emily Grierson, her father and the Grierson estate) chronicles how difficult change is in Jefferson. Assuming a darkRead MoreEssay A Rose for Emily: Literary Analysis 2990 Words   |  4 PagesENG 102 Analysis Research Paper 09-25-10 Literary Analysis William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† carries a theme represented by a dying breed of that era, while using symbolism to represent tragedy, loneliness and some form of pride, the story also shows how far one will go to have the approval of others and the pursuit of happiness. In today’s times, a person’s image could mean everything in life and almost everyone tries to fit into the main stream in some form at some pointRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And A Rose For Emily Literary Analysis1297 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins The Story of an Hour and William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily tells the story of women who face isolation and struggle with their own terms of freedom upon the death of a male figure in their life. Louise and Emily come from different time periods, backgrounds, and have different experiences, yet both share commonality in that they have let themselves be affected by the unrealistic expectations placed on them as traditional ladies. Both of these characters are commonly misconstruedRead MoreA Rose for Emily889 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Sometimes a Rose is Not a Rose: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, the negative impact of Emily’s upbringing by an overprotective father, leads to incredible pattern in her life and the obvious mental illness that takes over as she not so graciously ages. While written in five sections, the first and last section is written in present time, and the three middle sectionsRead MoreA Tale of Terror 1087 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a short story about the odd Emily Grierson, a once well-respected woman in a small southern town, takes readers into a whirlwind of a story leading up to a horrifying discovery about Miss Emily’s secretive demeanor. Through his characterization of Miss Emily, his descriptions of the setting, and his use of foreshadowing, Faulkner effectively develops â€Å"A Rose for Emily† into a horrific tale. The first way that Faulkner organizes â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is in his characterizationRead MoreThe Mystery of the Rose and the Narrator in A Rose for Emily by Faulkner1182 Words   |  5 PagesWhile one of the most traditional interpretations of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is the variety of meanings for the â€Å"rose† presented in the title and how the â€Å"rose† fits in with the story. Laura Getty states in her article many varied perspectives that many could ponder when identifying what the â€Å"rose† stands for. She states many possible theories that depict what the â€Å"rose† means, including theories of other writers that help support her own theory and also that adds another way that most might not consider

Current Copyright And Patent Laws Weak And free essay sample

Current Copyright And Patent Laws: Weak And Ineffective Essay, Research Paper The universe of today is drastically different from that of twenty old ages ago. Ideas, life, and engineering have changed in many ways. Computers and package have developed significantly since the start of the computing machine revolution. From the first computing machine, package has become more of import. Our lives all revolve around computing machines and package. Peoples use them to do math easier with reckoners, and utilize them to retreat money on the spell with ATM machines. However, even with all the technological aid that has presented in the past few decennaries, package and the people who write it hardly protected by jurisprudence. Current right of first publication and patent Torahs are non strong plenty to protect coders # 8217 ; rights, and they even slow down package development and cut down competition ; package is non a physical thing and by nature wholly defenceless, as it is more or less merely rational belongings, and therefore, is really easy copied. There are two classs of rational belongings. The first 1 is composed of authorship, music, and movie, which are covered by right of first publication. Patents cover innovations and inventions ( Bassinger 24-28 ) . These two classs have safely covered many sorts of work, with small or no struggle for old ages. For illustration, Susan Willis described Disney World # 8217 ; s strict policy on picture taking in her essay, # 8220 ; Disney World: Public Use/Private State: # 8221 ; # 8220 ; The ware, the costumes, the scenery? V all is either stamped with the Disney logo or Covered by copyright statute law? K it is impossible to snap at Disney World without running the hazard of conflicting a Disney right of first publication, # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; the lone thing that saves the mean household from a case is that most wear # 8217 ; t utilize their holiday exposures as a agency for doing net income # 8221 ; ( Willis 751 ) . Unfortunately, it is non that easy when covering with such a complex affair such as computing machine package. For illustration, there is a plan that can execute specific undertakings? Xcreating, redacting, canceling, and arranging texts? Xsuch as Microsoft Word. Before, the plan could be used to make those specific occupations ; the plan is in the text format that is merely like an essay with unusual signifier. Therefore, when something is typed on a computing machine, it is considered composing, as it is all written words and Numberss. However, when executed by the computing machine, it functions like an innovation, executing a specific undertaking as instructed by the user. Therefore, package falls into both classs ( Salone 25 ) . As illustrate above, package can either fall into the classs of right of first publications or patent Torahs ; hence, there is no perfect protection for package and its coders. # 8220 ; Copyright jurisprudence in the US is derived from English right of first publication jurisprudence ( Statute of Anne ) and common jurisprudence, # 8221 ; which # 8220 ; Congress later enacted the Copyright Act [ in ] 1790 and major alterations to it in 1831, 1870, 1909, and 1976 # 8243 ; ( Doty ) . # 8220 ; Most right of first publications in plants published after January 1, 1978 are good for the life of the writer plus 50 old ages, # 8221 ; and which can be renewed ( Salone 57-58 ) . # 8220 ; Patents last merely 17 old ages, but can non be renewed # 8221 ; ( Borenstein 22 ) . With engineering progressing so rapidly, it is non necessary to keep the protection of the package for the length of the right of first publication, but besides, it is sometimes necessary to regenerate them ( Del Guerci o 22-24 ) ? Xthe 10th subsequence of Final Fantasy in a picture game series, for case. With copyrighted stuff, coders are able to compose package similar to others # 8217 ; , so long as the scheduling codification is their ain, and non borrowed from the others ( Del Guercio 22-24 ) . This keeps the industry competitory, and therefore consequences in better package. With patents, on the other manus, no 1 is allowed to make package that performs similar maps ( Del Guercio 22-24 ) . For illustration, AutoCAD and TrueSpace 2 are two 3D mold plans. TrueSpace 2 would be a misdemeanor of patent Torahs because it performs a really similar undertaking to AutoCADs, which came foremost. Fortunately for us, CAD plans are non new, they have been around for more than ten old ages, and no 1 thought to patent them. Current patent jurisprudence causes stagnancy of package development since jurisprudence # 8217 ; s ability is to forestall other similar plans in the market place. The ability to patent new and non-obvious package would therefore cause serious jobs. The latest new engineering such as optical-tracing 3D engines, anti-virus package, and new Internet researching crazes can be patented. This would intend that merely one company can utilize this plan and other companies that wanted to utilize this package would hold to pay a big amount of money for the rights. Besides, patent hearings are conducted over a period of three old ages, and it is non necessary to denote a patent hearing to the populace ( Del Guercio 22-24 ) . For illustration, company # 8216 ; a # 8217 ; might make a package bundle and so use for a patent. Company # 8216 ; b # 8217 ; may make even better package, which does a similar undertaking as the package created by company? ? a # 8217 ; during that period, and migh t go rather successful. However, the patent is given to company # 8216 ; a # 8217 ; foremost, who quickly sues company # 8216 ; b # 8217 ; for stealing this invention. In brief, patent ordinances would stagnate the computing machine industry because company # 8216 ; b # 8217 ; can non revenge by doing better package. There is an illustration of this unjust legal power of patent jurisprudence from Lotus package. When the patenting of package became acceptable in the early 90 # 8217 ; s, Lotus closed up their R A ; D sections and called in a clump of attorneies to acquire them patents on all their scheduling techniques ( Del Guercio 22-24 ) . Ever since so, the company has been selling out the rights as its primary concern. Current patent Torahs besides make it more dearly-won to develop new package such as new input package to replace mouse devices. However, the mouse is non traveling to be replaced in a short period of clip, but in the hereafter, something doubtless will replace the mouse as the preferable method of input. For case, in what may be a practical world hereafter, the baseball mitt might be the input device. Consequently, if this input device is replaced for the mouse, in that instance every individual plan that uses mouse support would hold to pay a fee for the right to make so. This would ensue in higher package monetary values, which many believe are already excessively high, and reduced qualit Y in the plans ( Del Guercio 22-24 ) . Gratuitous to state, the patenting of package is non a widely loved policy, and is largely embraced merely by big corporations like Lotus and Microsoft ( NacCracken 21 ) because it enables these large companies to do more money. As shown above, there are many jobs could be caused by the deficits of current right of first publication and patent Torahs. Presently, package copying is by and large considered a transcript of the original codification such as when a backup of package is created every bit good as when people load a plan into their computing machine? Xa transcript of that plan will travel into their computing machine # 8217 ; s memory. While the transcript does non remain indefinitely, it does remain long plenty to execute a certain undertaking, and can be looked upon as a signifier of package buccaneering ( NacCracken 25 ) . BBS ( Bulletin Board Systems ) are little online services run by single system operators, who are lawfully considered responsible for all the files that are available on their system ( Elkin-Koren 1 ) . At first this seems like an obvious responsibility, ; nevertheless, if people have of all time run a BBS before, they would cognize that keeping their Web site and cognizing wh at is on the computing machine is hard. Sega Ltd. , shaper of the Sega Genesis and Sega GameGear, sued the Maphia BBS for doing Sega Genesis ROMs publically available in a download subdivision. This subdivision was a type of # 8220 ; digital lease, # 8221 ; which enables public downloads, and the downloaded package is required to be deleted after a short period of clip from 24 to 48 hours. Unfortunately, Maphia BBS did non hold a disclaimer saying that the files must be deleted after a test of period. Thus, Sega was able to action Maphia BBS for this carelessness ; because without the disclaimer, there was no cogent evidence that they were non utilizing this download system for pecuniary intents. Of class, it could be used for that purpose even with the disclaimer. But the disclaimer does merely that by abdicating the BBS operator of the duties of that package transcript ( Elkin-Koren ) . Another illustration was the instance between Playboy and the Frena BBS. The public file coun tries on the Frena BBS often contained image files, and more frequently, these images were big image files. Playboy someway found out that this BBS had some scanned exposures from a Playboy magazine, and because they have the right of first publication to all their exposures, they were able to action the operator of the Frena BBS. The operator had no thought that there were any Playboy images on his system ( Elkin-Koren ) . Although it is difficult to separate the intent of copying package, the terminal consequence is that companies that produce package could non develop. Individual copied package does non enable package industries to turn, as companies would lose money if everyone can hold a transcript of package for free. The industry compensates for this job of buccaneering by blow uping the monetary value of their merchandise. This in bend, consequences in a concatenation reaction among coders, who lose their occupation in market topographic point ( Elkin-Koren ) . Copyrights and patents are designed to protect package, but in the instance of engineering, it # 8217 ; s really impeding it. A Cadmium contains a batch of information, and is the perfect media for storage. In more advanced storage media is the Digital Video Disc, or DVD, which is much more various, and contains 26 times the storage capacity of a Cadmium, and 11500 times more ( about 17 Gs ) than a standard floppy disc. Furthermore, a Cadmium and a DVD have one more advantage over all the portable storage media? Xit can incorporate the same quality of its original. Dubbed tapes are eas y to copy with ; nevertheless, a Cadmium and a DVD are frequently higher quality because there is ever a spot of debasement in the transcripts. With a Cadmium and a DVD, a transcript has precisely the same quality as the original with no debasement. Consequently, consumers would purchase the transcripts alternatively of paying more for the original. All the large companies are scared by this engineering, as this engineering threatens the fiscal security of the companies. DVDs would be one of the greatest promotions in the short history of computing machines, but because of the shadier uses, several companies are developing transcript protection strategies for its package. Macrovision, for case, is bring forthing hardware for the DVD participant that will do them incompatible with VCRs. It will direct end product through the audio/video out ports that when played on a Television, will look normal, but when played through a VCR, will hold colour chevrons running sidewise across the sc reen. This is due to the differences between the ways the DVD and tapes work ( Ross 134-140 ) . Consequently, these single copied package would non assist companies to sell their masters, and as a consequence, companies would non hold adequate budget to engage more coders to better their package or develop new program. Since the current right of first publication Torahs sing the protection of rational stuff can non efficaciously protect package, they are either excessively weak or excessively rigorous ; for that ground, we need a new class of protection. # 8220 ; The perfect patent jurisprudence would most likely last for 10 old ages and would be renewable # 8221 ; ( Del Guercio 22-24 ) . The deadline of a patent stuff should be long plenty to protect a plan for every bit long as it is still utile, and let for subsequences and new versions. It would besides hold to let for others to do similar package, maintaining the industry competitory ; but it would hold to protect against others copying parts of the package. Therefore, one may safely reason that there is a demand for alteration in the current right of first publication system. It is obvious that the current methods of protecting package are a hinderance on the package industry. Changing the jurisprudence would, of class, take clip and money # 8211 ; it would be a enormous fuss for Congress to hold a new jurisprudence written merely to cover the information expressway ; but non to alter the Torahs would stop up bing much more, as per the illustrations above. While at first the jobs associated with altering the Torahs might look to outweigh the benefits, the statement could be made that with new Torahs, the industry would be able to maintain the benefits and minimise any drawbacks. Alternatively of holding to nitpick over who created a belongings that was similar to something else, the new Torahs would concentrate on which belongingss are innately more powerful ; so, that is what the industry is all about, competition between originative attempts. 375

Montana 1948 Essay Is a Fruitful Field For Critical Analysis

Montana 1948 Essay is Where You Can Show Your Analytical Skills A story of a twelve-year-old boy Montana David Hayden living in a small town is quite a popular assignment for critical analysis essay. Montana 1948’ by Larry Watson is what you expected to cover in Montana 1948 essay. The novel is based on the real-life events happened in Montana 1948. After war small town is an interesting object for analysis. Through the eyes of a boy and his life lessons as well as his emotional feedback on events is an interesting aspect which gives hints into the theme of corruption, anger, etc of the novel. Montana 1948 essay is an essay on the novel ‘Montana 1948’ written by Larry Watson. This essay depicts the story of a twelve years old small boy. The small boy is Montana David Hayden who lives in a small town. He narrates his incident in the novel. In this essay, the writer has to mention all the incidents and events of the novel Montana 1948. This novel is based on the real story of life in Montana 1948, through the eyes of a small boy. The novel is a fruitful field for analysis and many separate aspects can be taken into the focus of the researcher’s attention. Though there are a lot of essays written in the novel, you have to make your own analysis and make a distinctive paper which has a unique touch of its author. However, the important thing to remember is that an essay should not be a plot summary but an emphasis on certain symbolic things. For good essay writing of Montana 1948 essay, you should be perfectly knowledgeable about the novel plot. However, it is not required to concentrate on it too much, rather use it as the basis for your statements, assumptions, and claims. Thus you should find backup information in the body of the novel. Montana 1948 essay can deal with a problem of the internal conflict as well as ideas of morality but whatever you choose you should find relevant support in the body of the novel and analyze the best possible way. Like any other critical analysis essay type, this essay can deal with the characters, theme of the novel and focus on separate ideas offered by the author. It is good to start an essay with an Introduction where one presents a thesis statement and continue its development in the body of the essay which can be divided into separate paragraphs with each covering separate aspects of novel analysis. In Conclusion, one restates the thesis and makes it more prominent so that the reader can agree with you. When you are not sure about coping with Montana 1948 essay, you can ask for professional help at Bestessay4u.com which is a respectable custom essay writing company with a reputation of a reliable partner. They can help you not only with custom essays but with research papers, term papers, dissertations. All you have to do is to place an order and get professional essay writing help online.

Modern Indo-English Poetry Essays

Modern Indo-English Poetry Essays Modern Indo-English Poetry Paper Modern Indo-English Poetry Paper Sita and Jagadhya Uma are the ideal representative of Indian womanhood and offer an opportunity to the poetess to reveal the mysterious feminine nature. Toru’s intimate feelings are expressed through them. Sarojini Naidu or the Bharat Kokila is the most lyrical woman poet of India. She made more definite contribution to Indian English Poetry. Her poetry reflects her involvement with Indian life. She is an epitome of Indian womanhood and commands respect from the younger generation as an intrepid freedom fighter. She said about herself: The lyric child had grown into the lyric woman. All the instincts of her awakening womanhood for the intoxication of love and the joy of life were deeply interfused with the more urgent need of the poet’s soul. For a perfect sympathy with its incommunicable vision its subtle and inexpressible thoughts. In her poems like â€Å"Indian Love Song†, ‘Village Song’, ‘Pardanashin’ and ‘Indian Dancers’, she has portrayed the life of Indian Woman of different sects where women are seen dancing enjoying and involved in the thoughts of their lovers. Kamla Das in her poetry carries the theme of independence in her . Another luminary poetess Gauri Deshpande shows different feminine sensitivity; full of events, baffling, sensuous and captivating. Lakshmi Kannan, a bilingual writer in Tamil and English is a well known signature of Indian English Poetry. Lakshmi Kannan, a bilingual writer in Tamil and English is a well known signature of Indian English Poetry. The poetry of Anna Sujata Modayil is poetry of experience and an insight into life. As such, it does not remain isolated from the global trends and can be corroborated by the fact that it has incorporated itself the manifestations of the feminist movements that swept through Europe, America, Canada, and Australia since 1960s. At the same time in India appeared the poetry of Kamla Das , Eunice de Souza , Mamta Kalia, Tara Patel , Imtiaz Kalia, Gauri Deshpande , Suniti Namjoshi,Gauri Pant, Lakshmi Kannan, Vimla Rao,Meena Alexander, Margaret Chatterjee, Charmayne D’Souza , Mamta Kalia, Sujata Bhatt etc. Tejdeep Menka Shivdasni and a few other women poets who not only totally upset the phallogocentric discourse of Indian English poetry by introducing in it a new array of thematic contents in new voices, but relate their experiences in their art from a broad spectrum of styles. Kamla Das is one of pioneering post-independence Indian English poets who have contributed immensely to the growth and development of modern Indian English poetry. Menka Shivadasni’s poetry hold together a private world of chaotic emotions through its logical development and its strikingly imaginative icons. Sujata Bhatt born in India and educated in the United States, now living in Germany has been shaped by cross-cutural experiences as reflected in her three collections. These and many more recent women poets bring out the conflict of gender through the Indian female psyche in its interaction and correlation with the male psyche. Written in a personal and confessional style, their poetry acts as a social document because they themselves are victims and agents of social change. In the twilight zone in which the creative mind dwells, there is a natural feminine ability to turn inwards, to accept intuition and tenderness as values long with the gentle sensitivity to one’s natural environment and to the latent communications among human beings which mobilize the feelings and imageries and bring forth the new feminine voices creating new terrains. Female bonding in literature has thus taken a variety of forms, the agenda being common,women need to come together and call into question all the diverse strategies of patriarchy.

Paramagnetism Definition and Examples

Paramagnetism Definition and Examples Paramagnetism refers to a property of certain materials that are weakly attracted to magnetic fields. When exposed to an external magnetic field, internal induced magnetic fields form in these materials that are ordered in the same direction as the applied field. Once the applied field is removed, the materials lose their magnetism as thermal motion randomizes the electron spin orientations. Materials that display paramagnetism are called paramagnetic. Some compounds and most chemical elements are paramagnetic under certain circumstances. However, true paramagnets display magnetic susceptibility according to the Curie or Curies of paramagnets include the coordination complex myoglobin, transition metal complexes, iron oxide (FeO), and oxygen (O2). Titanium and aluminum are metallic elements that are paramagnetic. Superparamagnets are materials that show a net paramagnetic response, yet display ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic ordering at the microscopic level. These materials adhere to the Curie law, yet have very large Curie constants. Ferrofluids are an example of superparamagnets. Solid superparamagnets are also known as mictomagnets. The alloy AuFe (gold-iron) is an example of a mictomagnet. The ferromagnetically coupled clusters in the alloy freeze below a certain temperature. How Paramagnetism Works Paramagnetism results from the presence of least one unpaired electron spin in a materials atoms or molecules. In other words, any material that possesses atoms with incompletely filled atomic orbitals is paramagnetic. The spin of the unpaired electrons gives them a magnetic dipole moment. Basically, each unpaired electron acts as a tiny magnet within the material. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin of the electrons aligns with the field. Because all the unpaired electrons align the same way, the material is attracted to the field. When the external field is removed, the spins return to their randomized orientations. The magnetization approximately follows Curies law, which states that the magnetic susceptibility χ is inversely proportional to temperature: M χH CH/T where M is magnetization, χ is magnetic susceptibility, H is the auxiliary magnetic field, T is the absolute (Kelvin) temperature, and C is the material-specific Curie constant. Types of Magnetism Magnetic materials may be identified as belonging to one of four categories: ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism. The strongest form of magnetism is ferromagnetism. Ferromagnetic materials exhibit a magnetic attraction that is strong enough to be felt. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials may remain magnetized over time. Common iron-based magnets and rare earth magnets display ferromagnetism. In contrast to ferromagnetism, the forces of paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism are weak. In antiferromagnetism, the magnetic moments of molecules or atoms align in a pattern in which neighbor electron spins point in opposite directions, but the magnetic ordering vanishes above a certain temperature. Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted to a magnetic field. Antiferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic above a certain temperature. Diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by magnetic fields. All materials are diamagnetic, but a substance isnt usually labeled diamagnetic unless the other forms of magnetism are absent. Bismuth and antimony are examples of diamagnets.

World Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World Literature - Essay Example Anyone failing to work through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ is therefore determined to be destined for hell, simply because he did not work through the accepted channels. This assumption has been heavily questioned by the intelligentsia of various ages, though, as the directives in the Bible and the legends proposed by the Catholic Church continued to be at cross-purposes to themselves and as science and technology provided more concrete and reliable solutions to age-old problems in other arenas. This form of questioning the true nature of redemption can be found at the beginning of the nineteenth century with the publication of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s epic poem Faust as well as in the twentieth century with T.S. Eliot’s Wasteland. Goethe’s poem was published in two parts, the first appearing in 1808 and the sequel not being completed until just before the poet’s death in 1832. While there have been many interpretations of the basic storyline over time, including several circulating well before Goethe adopted it, Goethe’s Faust is presented as a character seeking fulfillment in terms of finding absolute truth and the meaning of existence as opposed to the more typical representation of a self-absorbed scholar interested only in increasing his own power. While Goethe’s character retains the sense of the dissatisfied scholar, he also demonstrates the higher existential longings of the new age of science and intellectualism. His dissatisfaction is illustrated upon his first introduction in the poem: â€Å"I have, alas! Philosophy, / Medicine, Jurisprudence too, / And to my cost Theology, / With ardent labour, studied through. / And here I stand, with all my lore, / Poor feel, no wiser than before.† While he has spent his life educating himself and others in every possible field of knowledge, Faust still finds he is no wiser than

GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GASTRO ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE - Essay Example GERD is a risk factor for Barrett’s esophageal (BE), which also predisposes patients to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patients diagnosed with GERD require proton pump inhibitors therapy as a mechanism to prevent the occurrence of BE and EAC. This paper is a research of the current studies on GERD and a review of a case study for a child suffering from GERD. Case Study The case study is of an 8 year old boy who experienced headaches and neck pain. The child had started complaining of the pain four years before the mother consulted a chiropractic doctor. The child had developed pain after riding in a â€Å"dodge ‘em† car. An emergency stop worsened the pain, which forced the mother to seek medical assistance. The severity of the neck pain had reduced before consultation, but the intensity of headaches had remained constant. Other symptoms included bouts of dizziness and nausea caused by neck rotation, heavy nausea in the morning, and severe neck pain and vomiting after meals. The child also experienced abdominal pain over the stomach, recurring bronchitis and migraine as a result of the family history. The doctor performed a physical examination that showed normal growth and development. Neurological, abdominal, cardiovascular, and respiratory examinations did not exhibit abnormal findings. Restrictions on segmental motion on upper cervical spine and sacral dysfunction were observed after a chiropractic spinal evaluation. The doctor also observed Shimizu reflex on the upper right hand side indicating an upper cervical problem (Jonasson, and Knaap, 2006). Using the above information, the doctor made a diagnosis of cervicogenic headache and abdominal pain. The doctor believed the pain had a somatovisceral origin. The diagnosed problem was believed to be as a result of upper cervical complex subluxation and milk allergy. The doctor proposed treatment involving a combination of chiropractic manipulation of upper cervical complex and cranial tre atment. This led to a temporary reduction in headaches and unchanged abdominal pain. The mother sought another opinion from a children doctor after seven treatments. The second consultation revealed regular colic, constant reflux, and periodic regurgitation of undigested food. These symptoms aggravated when the child assumed a recumbent posture. Abdominal pain on the stomach and lower chest made the doctor alter the initial diagnosis to GERD. The patient was referred to his general practitioner for GERD treatment and follow-up contacts revealed that the condition had improved immensely (Jonasson, and Knaap, 2006). Current Research History of the disease The prevalence of the disease has increased worldwide due to rising obesity and medicines that affect LES functions. Studies have indicated that approximately one third of the US population complain of GERD symptoms monthly (Narmeen and Woodward, 2013). Women have a higher rate of experiencing GERD symptoms than men. Western countrie s have a high prevalence ranging from 38 percent in Northern Europe to 9 percent in Italy. Annually, over 100 million proton pump inhibitors are prescribed to GERD patients in the western world. The high prevalence in western countries can be attributed to lifestyle, which is a major predisposing factor. The condition is a predisposing factor for esophageal cancer, which affects about 400, 000 people worldwide (Vats et al, 2006). Patients experience loss of appetite and damages to the lungs, throat, and ears due to excess

Jonathon Swift’s Concern for Ireland Essay Example for Free

Jonathon Swift’s Concern for Ireland Essay In the essay â€Å"A Modest proposal’ Jonathon Swift shows an obvious concern for the conditions of Ireland at that time. He expresses this in a number of ways. Although his proposal may have then and of course in today’s society have seemed completely out of the realm of realistic, he very effectively demonstrated how the proposal would have significantly benefited the overall economy of the country at that time. His concern was expressed first through an obvious concern for the women who were forced to beg for food in order to feed their children, secondly he was concerned about the children growing up and being unable to provide for themselves, and thirdly he showed concern for the lack of sufficient food supply for the country. The proposal he presented was well thought out and designed to solve all three of these problems. First, the proposal would help the women who were unable to care for their children, by providing them with some extra money. He figured how much it would cost to feed a new infant for the first year of life and subtracted that from the amount a woman could be paid for the child when she sold it. This amount would give her enough extra money to buy some food and even clothing for her remaining children. By selling the younger of her children, she is better off not only financially, but she has fewer children to worry about feeding and clothing. This makes her quality of life and that of her remaining children much better. Swift’s second concern for the children, who grow up in poverty remaining in poverty, is easily solved by his proposal. In the proposal, the children would no longer be a drain on the economy and in fact would actually contribute to the overall improvement of society. By being introduced to the food supply of the country, they would benefit a large number of people, which would prove to be a much better way of spending a life than growing up and resorting to begging or stealing in order to continue to survive. The third concern was for the lack of sufficient food supply for the people in the country. His proposal of selling the infants born into poverty as food would greatly increase the amount of available food on the market and thus make it possible for a larger number of people to be sufficiently nourished. In addition to increasing the amount of food available, by eating the poor people’s, or the majority of the population’s children, the population would not grow as quickly and the increased need for food would be greatly lessened. Although most people would find this proposal to be shocking and completely unacceptable, it did reflect his concerns for the condition of the country and proposed a way to solve the problem. If people took the time to look past the shock value of the proposal, it becomes obvious that he was upset with the society and wanted to see change. He goes into great detail on how this proposal would be good for the society and the economy. It would greatly reduce the number of people living in poverty, reduce the amount of people begging on the streets and the crime rate, and help the poor women become more productive members of society. The children would not be forced to grow up and continue the poverty cycle, and the wealthy people in the country would have many more options available for the evening meals and entertaining guests.

Personal Narrative- Holiday Baking Tradition Essay -- Personal Narrati

Personal Narrative- Holiday Baking Tradition Traditions are reflections of beliefs, superstitions and the personality of a family. I stop short of saying that they are the soul of a family because my family can no longer celebrate these traditions, but the spirit of my family continues to be an integral part of my life, despite the distance that sets us apart. The soul of my family remains unharmed from the miles that deprive us of the opportunity to celebrate common traditions. Regardless of how far we are apart, there is one tradition that can overcome any lengthy amount of distance, and that is my Aunt Millie’s Cinnamon-pecan rolls. People move away from their extended families, and traditions can fade, which is why it is important to have a trademark that easily identifies your ...

Critique of Quantitative Research Article Essay

Research Critique, Part 2: Critique of Quantitative Research Article The population who are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often experience daytime drowsiness and are at risk for ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, hypertension, and other vascular related problems (Hsu et al., 2007). There are several treatment options for people with OSA, which are weight loss, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), dental appliances, and surgical procedure. This study evaluates patients who have undergone uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) to determine improvement and changes in surgical parameters of their upper airway using quantitative videoendoscopic computer-assisted measurement (CAM) in hopes of showing improvement in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Protection of Human Participants The authors describe this study as prospective in design. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of UPPP, a surgical procedure for OSA, on patients who had surgery six months prior (Hsu et al., 2007). It is presumed every patient gave consent for the surgical procedure. An assumption may be made that subjects were voluntary for the post surgical study because there was no mention of further consents. It is not stated that this study had approval from an institutional review board from the agency. The 19 male patients participated in overnight pre and postoperative non-invasive polysomnnographic studies (PSG). These tests include the Epworth sleepiness scale recording, CAM of upper airway, and bio-data recording. PSG entails electroencephalogram (EEG), submental electromyogram (EMG), anterior tibialis EMG, electrocardiogram (ECG), thoraco-abdominal motion, oronasal airflow (expired CO2), arterial oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry, and electrooculography (EOG). Images were recorded for comparison evaluation postoperatively. The mean age of the subjects was 40.6 years with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.4, all who had UPPP after failing the CPAP trial and other medical methods. Data Collection and Analysis The major variables were labeled in association with the endoscopic photographs from the computer-assisted measurement (CAM) airway analysis at the retropalatal level with calibrator in regards to showing airway dimensions in both pre and postoperative images (Hsu et al., 2007). There was no sign of manipulation of these variables other than from the postoperative images. The research team compiled the data to show the regression data of UPPP surgery were considerably correlated with postoperative improvement. This method of data collection was used to analyze the correlation between modifications in surgical parameters and the postoperative status of OSA patients. The six-month postoperative, patients again underwent PSG, Epworth sleepiness scale recording, CAM of upper airway, and bio-data analysis. A total of eight videoendoscopic images were taken of all 19 subjects. Patients were analyzed during quiet respiration and Mueller’s maneuver in both supine and erect positions at the retropalatal and retrolingual levels. The Mueller’s maneuver is a non-invasive procedure using fiber optic endoscopic evaluation that measures both size, shape, and collapsibility of the upper airway (Friedman, 2009). Images were captured using a videocapture card, which was installed into the computer along with digital imaging software. Transverse and longitudinal dimensions, as well as surface areas were measured using digital software to calculate the collapsibility of obstructive sites of the upper airway. Comparison was made between pre and postoperative images, which show significant improvement of the retropalatal area by 70% (Hsu et al., 2007). Data Management and Analysis The author indicates that the researcher who performed the upper airway measurements was not privy to patient information whether they were of preoperative or postoperative status (Hsu et al., 2007). Following UPPP, the importance (p

Poetry Buffalo Bill’s Defunct Essay

Buffalo Bill’s Defunct is a short poem; it tells a story and creates a picture of a hardworking cowboy named Bill. The poem is about a dead, handsome blue eyed cowboy. It is written in the narrative form and in the first person. The author personifies death and he is upset with death for taking away Bill the cowboy: â€Å"†¦ and what i want to know is how do you like your blueeyed boy Mister Death.† (Clugston, 2010) Theme The theme is about death; however the author did not take the usual path of a sad tone or mournful words. Bill’s memory is simply about what he does, how he looks coupled with the speed and dexterity with which he accomplishes his task. Language The language that the author uses creates the image of a healthy looking blue eyed man sitting atop a silver haired steed, and rounding up the horses in the corral. Buffalo Bill could break/tame five wild horses in a short time. The words one to five running into each other creates the effect of the speed at which Buffalo Bill executes the horse breaking/taming exercise; â€Å"onetwothreefourfive pigeonsjustlikethat.†(Clugston, 2010) Pigeon is the name for a particular breed of horses that are very wild, dangerous and hard to tame. The author respects Buffalo Bill’s ability to repeatedly accomplish the difficult task of taming pigeon horses with seeming ease and confidence. These horses have a reputation of killing cowboys and it is highly probable that they are Mister Death’s accomplices in Bill’s demise. Imagery Cummings used imagery to tell the story. Culture influenced my response to this piece of work in that I still watch cowboy movies and as a child I used to listen to old cowboy songs. By the time I got to line six; I was drawn into piece. â€Å"Buffalo Bill’s†¦ride a watersmooth-silver stallion.† (Clugston, 2010) Immediately I could visualize the ranch setting, the noise of the horse, cowboy lasso making circles in the air over his head. (Up to that point I thought that Bill was an old man who had stopped working on the ranch). He continued to build on the image by mentioning that Bill is a blue eyed boy. I also pictured that Bill had light brown or blonde hair, was a white well-built man. The author skillfully chose and condensed his words to create this light and easy to read piece about death. Personification Cummings personifies death but does so with respect when he refers to it as â€Å"Mr. Death.† Death itself is an abstract noun but he had to get at someone for taking Buffalo Bill. As a result, Cummings could take a parting low jab at death: â€Å"How do you like your blueeyed boy Mister Death.† (Clugston, 2010) Tone The poem carries a sad and angry tone. The narrator is sad that Buffalo Bill is dead and he is also angry at â€Å"Mr. Death† for taking him away. Symbolism Cummings uses descriptive words such as: â€Å"Watersmooth† and â€Å"Blueeyed† both as symbolizing Buffalo Bills presence on the ranch. Water symbolizes life and regeneration and blue symbolizes peace. (Clugston, 2010) Conclusion Buffalo Bill’s Defunct is a short poem; it tells a story and creates a picture of a hardworking cowboy named Bill. Cummings personifies death but does so with respect when he refers to it as â€Å"Mr. Death.† The narrator is sad that Buffalo Bill is dead and he is also angry at â€Å"Mr. Death† for taking him away. Bill’s memory is simply about what he does, how he looks coupled with the speed and dexterity with which he accomplishes his tasks. The appearance of the piece is interesting and unusual. It does not conform to the poetic norms; however it is entertaining and it flows straight to the point. I connected with it because of the simple style that Cummings used to tell Buffalo Bill’s story. Reference Clugston, W. R., (2010). Journey Into Literature, San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education Inc.

Long Poem Essays - Szd Speech, Free Essays, Term Papers

Long Poem Essays - Szd Speech, Free Essays, Term Papers Long Poem Hi I think I say I cry For we cant see Or realize Our fate Not shown yet casted in slate The grown Dont even hesitate to ignore and wait to late for They see it as a chore too broad a subject to explore too set our ways too closed our doors to many days have come and gone not correcting what is wrong yet still life goes on Why do we learn to share as youths The truth we still dont see for you and me forgot its trapped inside our thoughts not coming out not free to be about nothing i can say aloud but proud i will write no worrys of a fight not scared of the bite Greed to want not to need to bite the hand that feeds i want more demand dont pleed cut down the tree dont plant the seed how long until we see me i cant be the only one there are tons why dont they talk and walk the walk our length of time is unknown before the bomb will be blown and cast the shadow on every home then no issues to discuss no talk no fuss no trucks no bus no passion no lust no shine just rust just a faint gust of past how the humans did not last Neverending is time like a crime that plagues or mind tick tock we dont stop and think to be and feel the sea and the grass between our toes the fragrence to our nose why when its time to die we try and absorb like weve never been here before time keeps us sore deep into the core more and more it will sink for we will never link the fact that time equals stress the crest of our attitudes all longitudes and latitudes a build up of filled up emotion its time to meet the quotient Still we sit and wait to teach to late we cant convense ourselves just keep stacking on the shelves maybe even we try but it is that you have to pry for these or our lives but ignorence is bliss or is it this we will accept as we have left cancer to grow the hair to fro the boat to row the seas to flow until they flood upon our lands passed our sands into our hands a burrdon is placed tiss we were graced but thats erased shot into space a place we dont know scared we are of this the great obiss whats waiting for us to miss slowly we are hesitating this to me feels degrating why sit react procrastation killed the cat or something like that we dream of what we wish was fact like a shell not yet cracked why are we here comes a tear to my eye as if we are just a lie a small small peice of pie not to tall not to wide but still we are stuck inside the crust is flustered with the dust from our minds and time and greed and what we think we do not see and the way we only focus on whats presented to our imagination we cant wait too long lets make the wrong become the wrongs turn the wisper into a song for soon we will be gone until then life goes on... Bibliography none

French Numerical Adjectives - Adjectifs numéraux

French Numerical Adjectives - Adjectifs numà ©raux In the   French language, numerical adjectives arent as complicated as they might sound - numerical adjective is simply the grammatical term for numbers. There are three types of numerical adjectives, each used for a different purpose - see table at the bottom of the page. Placement of Numerical Adjectives Cardinal numerical adjectives precede the noun they modify, as well as any other adjectives (numerical or not) that precede the noun.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai deux livres.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have two books.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a achetà © une nouvelle voiture.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He bought a new car.  Ã‚  Ã‚  les trois premiers jours  Ã‚  Ã‚  the first three daysOrdinal numerical adjectives, multiplicatives, and the fraction demi usually precede the noun they modify:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le deuxià ¨me jour.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its the second day.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il veut un double whisky.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He wants a double whiskey.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jy vais dans une heure et demie.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im going in an hour and a half.Fractions, other than demi, require the following format in front of nouns: article/number fraction de:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai regardà © un tiers du film.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I watched a third of the movie.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a bu deux cinquià ¨mes de la bouteille.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He drank two fifths of the bottle.   Agreement of Numerical Adjectives   Only a few numerical adjectives agree with the nouns they modify.1. Cardinal numbers - all invariable, except for one:  Ã‚  Ã‚  un homme (one man) / une femme (one woman)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  vs  Ã‚  Ã‚  deux hommes (two men) / deux femmes (two women)2. Ordinal numbers - First is variable. The rest are invariable, but note that if preceded by a definite article, it must match the gender of the noun:  Ã‚  Ã‚  le premier livre (the first book) / la premià ¨re peinture (the first painting)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  vs  Ã‚  Ã‚  le deuxià ¨me livre (the second book) / la troisià ¨me bouteille (the third bottle)3. Multiplicative numbers are all invariable.4. Fractions - demi can be masculine or feminine, while the others can be singular or plural:  Ã‚  Ã‚  un demi kilo (half a kilo) / une demie bouteille (half a bottle)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  vs  Ã‚  Ã‚  un quart (one fourth) / trois quarts (three fourths) Types of Numerical Adjectives Name Used for Examples Cardinal numbers Counting un, deux, trois Ordinal numbers Ranking premier, deuxime, troisime Multiplicative numbers Multiplying simple, double, triple Fractions Dividing un demi, un tiers, un quart *Fractions, with the exception of demi, are nouns rather than adjectives, but it makes sense to include them with the other types of numbers.Technically, numerical adjectives are not adjectives at all - they are a mathematical feature which, grammatically, act more or less like adjectives.

Assess the difficulties confronting Americas response to the attacks Essay

Assess the difficulties confronting Americas response to the attacks of 11th September 2001 - Essay Example To safeguard people’s interests, new strategies and plans were required to be developed and enforced. Laws needed to be framed to make Americans feel safe emotionally, physically and politically. Therefore, the US Patriotic Act was amended and renamed ‘USA Patriot and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act’. It was made more stringent and extra statutes included with wide ranging terrorists relating offences like deliberate and destructive activity against the state or its people resulting in loss of life or property, money laundering, surveillance and detention of people under suspect of terrorist activities etc. with capital punishment introduced. While such stringent measures are incorporated in the constitution, implementation is increasingly becoming tougher because of the multicultural fabric of the society in America. It is very important to understand the motivations behind the terrorism when engaged in counterterrorism efforts, mainly because today the terrorism has become high tech and spread globally, infiltrating the society to the extent that if not handled with cautious and premeditated techniques and strategies, involving the in-depth analysis of the socio-psychological background of the terrorist, it would be extremely difficult to take effective steps to countermand their intended actions, targeting the innocents and holding them to ransom. The general motives of the terrorists in this country and abroad involve coercive tactics and unlawful intimidation of the government bodies to force the government to accede to their vested interest regarding political, ideological or religious demands. Terrorists are people or individuals who commit intended violence against the innocents with the sole intention of harming the public and destroying the property in order to make them meet their vested political goals and religious fanatics’ demands. â€Å"For our terrorist enemies,

The creation and growth of, The National Association for the Essay

The creation and growth of, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, after the Springfield Race Riot of 1 - Essay Example The Association is capable of bringing a shared national weight and personal local forces upon each aspect of the Negro's struggle for fairness of nationality. It encompasses the total collection of civil rights action and its constant programs of public awareness as well as its legal triumphs have made key contributions to the insurrection in race that is now witnessed. In one way or another, it has moved by far the irresistible mass of present leaders of the Negro society through its ranks. This includes several of those currently heading other civil rights groups. Moreover, it functions as a source of information and direction and as a clearing-house for private associations and government and for the majority of the broad public who refer to it for support every year. The association anticipates expanding its agenda to contain active concern with problems of community orientation, scarcity and retraining. This paper seeks to discuss the roots and foundation of the association and its development. It will also seek to explain its organization, its mandates and achievements throughout its growth. Introduction National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is the biggest, oldest and most powerful civil rights organization in the United States. ... According to the fourteenth revision, blacks were full citizens of the United States, and were given the right to equal protection of the law as any other citizen1. The Association acts as a legal support society at the local level, but in fighting for the rights of black Americans at the national level, it chooses cases for their strategic significance, and in so far as possible goes in the courts only where there is good possibility of victory. The organization is an interracial society, but its membership is preponderantly black. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People legal defense and education fund established in 1939 is a related but officially separate organization with a staff of lawyers2. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is one of the most important societies in the United States promoting and attending courts for Africans Americans and other minority groups. The duty of the Association is dual: to wipe out racial prejudi ce, and to accomplish the legal, cultural, social and economic fairness of minority groups. Started in 1905 by a set of social activists, the organization primarily demanded the eradication of all differences in law and policy based on race or color. The primary official meeting of the Association was held in 1909. By 1945, the Association could boast of more than 1,600 branches and 300,000 members. More significantly, the organization had embarked on achieving reliability among lawmakers and using its power in the courts3. Lack of competition is one feature that is most outstanding about the debates among civil rights activists. There was no significance competition between the private civil rights bar and the Department

Compare and contrast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Compare and contrast - Research Paper Example The second point he argued that true religion consists of genuine inward persuasion of the mind, while the power of the government is force. By this he meant that force will never bring people to the true faith. The third point he argued that if the magistrate would have power to change people’s mind, still it will not bring people to the true faith since many of them believe in wrong religions (Locke, 1796). One of the historic researches that scholars have found out is that Judaism and Christianity was once unified, but time came and they parted ways because of competition. The anti-Jewish Christians statements about late antiquity suggest that salvation was first for the Jews but it was entrusted to them through grace. For example when Jesus Christ came into the world and was he rejected by the Jews. The anti-Jewish believed that at that point it was their opportunity to receive salvation. Martin Luther’s anti-Jewish were very caring in that he accused the catholic of being unfair to Jews and treating them â€Å"as if they were dogs,† he also was annoyed by them when they refused to convert and said â€Å"A Jewish heart is as hard as a stick, a stone, as iron, as a devil.† It is very fascinating how theological issues are viewed differently with scholars, believers as well as theologians. For instance, Mircea Eliade, James George Frazer and Rudolf Otto brought their point in a very interesting way. For example, James in his book The Golden Bough distinguishes between magi and religion. He argued that magic is for primitive people while reign through faith. His remarks can be compared to that of Otto who focused on religious experiences with a fear which benefits people’s relation to God. God is taken to be presented in peoples responses and these responses have this role because they are assigned a phenomenological character which is different from other feelings experienced elsewhere in this human life. Eliade

Friend Recommendation System Software Design

Friend Recommendation System Software Design CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE DESIGN DESCRIPTION 4.1Â  INTRODUCTION The Software Design Document provides transcript which will be used to aid in the software development phase of this project by providing the details for how the software should be built. Within the Software Design Document are narrative and graphical documentation of the software design for the project including use case models, sequence diagrams, object behaviour models, and other supporting requirement information. The requirements in SRS will be fully addressed in this software design document or alternative solution should be given. 4.2Â  DESIGN OVERVIEW The purpose of this software design document is to provide insight into the structure and design of each component in the Friend recommendation system. Topics covered include the following: Class hierarchies and interactions Data flow and design (DFD) User interface design Test cases and expected results In short, this document is meant to equip the reader with a solid understanding of the inner workings of the Friend recommendation system. The modules, as can be perceived from figure [ ], are as follows: Collect_Data_From_Sensors Data Collection Data preprocessing Activity Recognition Friend-matching graph construction Friend query and Feedback control These modules will be described in detail in the next section on System Design. 4.3Â  SYSTEM DESIGN This section provides a modular structure of the proposed system and explains each subsystem along with the relationships between the subsystems and the interfaces between the modules. Figure 4.1: The Architecture Diagram 4.4Â  DESIGN CONSTRAINTS: The server should be multithreaded. The Android application at the client side should have a retry mechanism to connect to server. Software System Attributes Usability : The software will be embedded in a website. It should be scalable designed to be easily adopted by a system. Reliability : The system should have accurate results and fast response to user’s changing habits. Security : The system uses GPS location information to find friends within some distance. In order to provide privacy, a region surrounding the accurate location will be uploaded to the system. 4.5Â  MODULE STRUCTURE The below is the structure of modules: Username/password User’s Credentials User Data User Data Query for Processed data Friends Send FeedbackFriend ListFriend List Figure 4.2 : The Module design 4.4.1 DESCRIPTION OF MODULES This section describes each of the above modules in brief. Module: LoginOrRegister This module contains login or registration in order to register the user with Friendbook application. If the user has already registered, then he/she can directly login and start using the application. If he/she is not registered then he/she has to register with friendbook application. Module: Authenticate Users This module compares the entered Username and Password with the respective records among the database entries. If a match is found, then redirects the user to his/her profile page. Else, an appropriate message is thrown and the user is redirected to the registration page. For registration, compares the Username entered with the ones in the database to check its availability. If unavailable, then asks for a different Username, else create a new record in the database and save the entered details. Redirects the user to his/her profile page on registration with appropriate message, if the Username is not already present. If the Username entered during registration is not unique, then an appropriate message is thrown. Name and Usernames should start with an alphabet and Password should contain at least one alphabet and one numeric character and one special character. Module: Collect_Data_From_Sensors Smartphone (e.g., iPhone or Android-based smartphones) are equipped with a rich set of embedded sensors, such as GPS, accelerometer, microphone, gyroscope, and camera. On the client side, each smartphone records data of its user from the sensors such as accelerometer, and GPS information. This collected data is further sent to the server for further processing. Module: Data Collection and Pre-processing This module collects the data sent from the client side. The raw data collected will be in format {time ,latitude ,longitude ,accx ,accy ,accz }. The collected raw data is further pre processed to remove outliers. Median filtering technique is used for outlier detection and removal. An unsupervised learning technique is applied on the preprocessed data to form clusters known as Kmeans clustering algorithm. The resulting clusters forms a list of activities carried out by a user, where each cluster representing an activity. Module: Activity Recognition Now that the k clusters are formed, each represents an activity, lifestyles are further extracted from these activities using LDA algorithm. A library called LAML is used*. It provides a convenient API to get topic structures for an array of input strings.The extracted lifestyles are used to find the similarities between the users. Once the similarity is calculated, the user who has highest similarity is suggested as a friend. Module: User Query and Feedback Control This module performs two tasks, it accepts and responds to user queries (eg, query for friend list) and collects feedback from users in order to improve the accuracy of the friend recommendation system. 4.6Â  INTERFACE DESCRIPTION: The following is the list of external interfaces: SOCIAL NETWORK PORTAL: A portal where the users can do registration by entering their details and also provide a feedback on the recommendations to improve the accuracy of the system. It is implemented using JSP and HTML. MOBILE INTERFACE: It continually sends the daily activities to the server via network using TCP connection. The daily activities are characterized by walking, sitting and GPS location. RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM : This is the interface in which the friend recommender algorithm works in the background. This interface will be used by the users. Customer cannot do many operations, but their feedbacks or ratings are very important to create a relevant recommendation. End users can only provide feedback and view recommendations. HARDWARE INTERFACES : The recommendation system can work on any smartphone device. These devices should have some limit requirements to make the application run effectively. The processor speed and internet speed are expected to be high. SOFTWARE INTERFACES: This system can work on any platform. Internet connection is a must to reach the system. Moreover, most of the application will be coded by Java. Java APIs of database management tools such as Netbeans, which is a standalone workbench application to interact with database management tools. 4.6.1 Use Case Diagrams And Key Features A use case diagram is a kind of behavioral design, which is constructed from an analysis. It presents a graphical synopsis of the capabilities provided by a system in terms of actors, aims and dependencies between use cases. Friend book user can perform following activities: Install the application in their mobiles Login/Register with the application View the list of most similar friends Upload feedback for improving accuracy of the system. The Use Case diagram in Figure 4.3, shows the different functionalities a friendbook user can perform. Figure 4.3 : Friendbook User Use Case The System can perform following activities: Collect raw data from users Pre-process the data Perform Activity Recognition and extract the lifestyles using LDA Find the list of friends based on similarity between users Handle Feedback Figure 4.4 : The Server Part Use Case 4.8Â  Class Diagram Top Level Client-Side Class Diagram: The client side class diagram, mainly consists of UI(user interface) required for a user to register with the application by providing user’s information, after which user will be able to login and start the service. Once the application starts, it continually records the values from sensors in the format: The above values are to the server at regular intervals (say 3secs). In order to send the values to server a TCP connection is setup. Once the connection is setup, the device will start sending the data. The users can also provide a feedback on the recommendation results given to them. Top Level Server-Side Class Diagram: The server-side class diagram, consists of classes that are executed in a sequential manner. Firstly, ActivityClustering class collects the data sent from the android device, and pre-processes it using median filtering technique. After the data is filtered, the processed data is then partitioned into k clusters using k-means algorithm. Next, a class known as ConvertToActivitySeq is invoked, which maps the activities to cluster they are close to and produces a list containing sequence of activities i.e,. the life document. This document is further given as an input to LifeStylemodelling class, which computes p(word/document) i.e, it calculates probability of word given the document matrix. This matrix is then decomposed to produce two matrices, called p(word/lifestyle) and p(lifestyle/document). Finally, p(lifestyle/document) matrix is used to calculate the similarities of the lifestyles between users. 4.8Â  DATA FLOW DIAGRAM The data flow diagrams are pictorial representation of data flowing in the system. DFD’s are used for the purpose of viewing the data processing in the system. In a data flow diagram, the data elements flow from external or an internal data source, through an internal process. Level 0 Data Flow Diagram A level 0 DFD or a context level design represents the intercommunication between the system and external sources, which act as data sinks. In Level 0 DFD, the interaction between the system and external entity are designed in terms of data flows across the system boundaries. This level diagram shows the complete system as a single procedure. In the DFD diagram shown in Fig*, the lifestyle information are the sensor values sent from the client i.e., android phone to the server. The data sent from client are processed to produce a list of potential friends. Figure 4.* : Level 0 DFD of Lifestyle based friend recommender Level 1 Data Flow Diagram The level 1 DFD, exhibits how the system is split into sub components, where each component represents one or more data flows to or from an external source. And when combined, it provides the complete functionality of the system as a whole. It represents the inter components data flows in a specific sequence and also the data flow between the components of the system. The proposed application consists of the components as shown in the figure 5.*. It first performs data collection, raw data pre-processing by noise removal, Activity recognition where each cluster represents an activity and finally calculates similaties between users to suggest a friend. Figure 5.* : Level 1 DFD of Lifestyle based friend recommender 4.9Â  OBJECTS AND ACTIONS (SEQUENCE DIAGRAM) The sequence diagrams shows below. Sequence for Setup Connection: This sequence is to set up FOR TCP connection between user and the server. Also monitors GPS and Accelerometer by collecting the data from them. Sequence for Monitor Result to the server: The raw data, that is sent from the client is collected by server. And the collected raw data is pre-processed for outlier removal. Sequence for Finding Friends: When the user queries for the friend list, the server accepts the request from the client and responds by sending the potential list of friends. Sequence for Data Collection: The data collection module collects life documents from users’ smartphones. The life document is collection of users activities. The life styles of users are extracted by the life style analysis module with the probabilistic topic model(by using a library for LDA ). Then the life style indexing module puts the life styles of users into the database in the format of (life- style, user) instead of (user, life-style). As the packet arrives , these packet will be store in files. Sequence for Preprocessing: The user sends data, and preprocesses to make the data consistent, by remove irrelevant data.The preprocessed data is converted into archive and upload to the database. Sequence for Database Connection: Data base connection is established when a friend request query is posed. A TCP connection will be established between user and server. Server will process this request and respond with the extracted information from the database i.e, the list of potential friends. 4.10Â  PSEUDO CODE MOBILE END: SERVER SIDE PSEUDO CODE:

No Loner Mourn For Me Explication :: essays research papers fc

William Shakespeare â€Å"No Longer Mourn For Me When I Am Dead† Explication   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Read the sonnet with a sarcastic angry tone and a whole different meaning is found. He uses words and angry phrases that repeat and reflect off of each other. I believe the author does not want people to be saddened by his death. Not because he cares for the people but because he is angry. It is almost as if he sees his death as a last joke he had on them. In lines 3 and 4 he says   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Give warning to the world that I am fled,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From this vile world with vilest worms to dwell.† he repeats vile and seems to have a very angry tone. He says that this world is vile and that the people who dwell in it are worms. He has fled from that world and now he feels it is their turn to feel unwanted and angry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the line â€Å"Nay, if you read this line, remember not, the hand that writ it, for I love you so, that I in your sweet thoughts would be forgot, † he is being machiavellian, he points out that he loved her and is being a martyr about the fact that he thinks in her sweet thoughts she would forget him. His anger is surpassed by his death, now the one who he thought did not love him in life is stuck with out him forever because he is dead. â€Å"Do not so much as my poor name rehearse, But let your love even with my life decay,† He is saying do not think of me or speak my name after I am dead, but feel bad and let your love for me decay with his body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost a suicide note of someone who is very angry, when read a certain way you can see totally different things in a poem. Last lines† Lest the wise world should look into your moan and mock you with me after I am gone.† The whole world and me are now mocking you because everyone knows what she has done.

Education of African American Male Students Essay

The Brown vs. the Topeka Board of Education was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme court which outlawed racial segregation within public education facilities. Segregation of public education existed until the Supreme Court considered arguments by the schools requesting relief concerning the task of desegregation. In Brown II, the Supreme Court delegated the task of carrying out the desegregation to district courts with orders that desegregation occur â€Å"with all deliberate speed† (The United States Supreme Court, 1954). This phrase â€Å"with all deliberate speed† was easier said than done. Segregation practices continued in America well after 1954. During these early years groups like The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and The Nation of Islam emerged as the new lead organizations for the Civil Rights Movement. Leaders like Megar Evers, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. emerged all were assassinated before reaching the age of forty. These assassinations sparked the emergence of younger and more radical groups. Groups like the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Black Panther Party had goals for education. The Black Panther Party created a comprehensive plan for improving their community. The plan was called the Ten Point Plan (Ten Point Plan, 1966). The Ten Point Plan stated: We believe in an educational system that will give to our people knowledge of self. If a man does not have knowledge of himself and his position in society and the world, then he has little chance to relate to anything else. (Ten Point Plan, 1966, p.1). The 1960’s were an era of great change in African American culture. This was also a time for new leadership in the African American community. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Megar Evers had chosen to use a nonviolent approach. Malcolm X was more radical and was willing to use violence to get equal treatment. After all three leaders were assassinated; leaders such as Stokely Carmichael had a new concept of  what America should become. In 1968 Stokely Carmichael created the term institutional racism, which he defined as the collective failure of an organization to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their color, culture or ethnic origin. One of the new topics in education reform focused on how to educate African American males. Students in urban areas have been exposed to deteriorating conditions, which include overcrowded classrooms, limited funding for education, and unstable learning environments. In recent years the education of African American males has encountered several problems. Although 72% of African-American students in America graduate from high school, over 45% of African-American males drop out of high school (Green & Carl, 2000). Another problem is that one in four African American males are expelled from school each year. Additionally a disproportionate number of African-American males are in special education and remedial reading classes (Lee, Winfield & Wilson, 1991). According to Livingston and Nahimana (2006), Success with African-American males requires understanding the social context in which they exist. This journey of cultural understanding begins by recognizing preconceived assumptions about urban African-American male children, African-American children, particularly urban youth, are very keen on picking up the adult’s perception of them. Thus, understanding the behavior and dynamics of urban African-American families will greatly aid in understanding and educating the African-American male child. (p.210) Statement of the problem In recent years, there has been a trend of academic underachievement among African American males. Economic opportunities, lack of education, lack of father figures and the lack of understanding from the American society has damaged the self-esteem and the educational opportunities of young African American males. This research discussed the role that education has contributed to the underachievement of African American males in education. The purpose of this study was to review and analyze the data regarding the education of African American male students. Specifically, the study looked  at the factor impacting the education of African American male students. This results of this study aims to encourage and educate professionals by providing information and additional strategies in promoting the educational success of African American male students. The following research questions guided this study: 1. What factors have influenced the education of African American males? 2. How have historical perspectives regarding poverty in the African American community changed? 3. How have attempts to desegregate public schools in America operated? 4. What strategies can educators use to improve opportunities for African American male students? Limitations of Study This study was based on existing literature and research regarding factor impacting African American male students. The scope of data collection included journals, books, and articles dealing with African American male student. The literature consisted of a number of studies involving the African American family structure. Studies in the field of education often do not include a control group. Other sources describe recommendations or proposals that may correlate with successful implementation of various strategies, but do not have quantifiable data to support those models. The limitations that these factors bring include the amount of study and research that exists within the literature Research was confined to the past decade; with the exception of the historical aspects presented Definition of Terms Accountability: a policy of holding schools and teachers accountable for the academic progress students by linking such progress with funding for salaries, and maintenance Culture: refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. Different definitions of â€Å"culture† reflect various theoretical bases for understanding, or criteria for evaluating, human activity. Institutional racism: the collective failure of an organization to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their color, culture or ethnic  origin. Poverty: the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor; indigence. Public education: education mandated for or offered by the government to the children of the general public, whether national, regional, or local, provided by an institution of civil government, and paid for, in whole or in part, by taxes. The term is generally applied to basic education, K -12 education and primary and secondary education. Racism: a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one’s own race is superior and has the right to rule others. Racial segregation: is characterized by separation of different races in daily life when both races are doing equal tasks, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home. Urbanization: means increased spatial scale and/or density of settlement and/or business and other activities in the area over time. The process could occur either as natural expansion of the existing population (usually not a major factor since urban reproduction tends to be lower than rural), the transformation of peripheral population from rural to urban, incoming migration , or a combination of these. Design of the Study This study was descriptive in nature. All data were based upon research of available literature on the challenges of poverty and its role in the education of African American male students. Guiding questions were answered based upon a review of existing literature and research which addressed the factor impacting African American male students Literature on educational learning strategies were identified, studied and discussed. The information is presented in four chapters: Chapter One will consist of the introduction of the research paper. Chapter Two is the review of literature, outlining as pertinent to the research question. Chapter Three presents the analysis of the findings, and theme regarding the historical perspectives and impacting factors associated with the education of African American males. Chapter Four consists of a discussion including summary, conclusions, and recommendations. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Introduction Before educators analyze the negative statistics for African American males, the fact that there have been successes must be realized. According to Livingston and Nahimana (2006), Success with young African-American males requires understating the social context in which they exist. This journey of cultural understanding begins by recognizing preconceived assumptions about urban African-American male children. African-American children, particularly urban youth, are very keen on picking up the adults’ perception of them, thus understanding the behavior and the dynamics of urban African-American families will greatly aid in the understanding and educating the African-American male child. Although the literature is quick to point out that many urban African-Americans are reared in single family home, one should not assume that there are not positive males in the child’s extended family. Uncles, grandfathers and even older male siblings can play an important role in aiding our work with students. ( p.210) There are several questions that could be asked about the education of African American males. According to Education Today (2007, p.22), â€Å"there is a new question that will be asked. Will we lose the next two or three generations, or possibly every generation of African-American boys hereafter to negative media, gangs, drugs, poor education, unemployment, father absence, crime, violence and death?† African American male students are faced with several challenges in education such as unemployment, housing, violence, incarceration, drugs, and education. According to Livingston and Nahimana (2006), â€Å"Educating young African American males has become an increasing concern for educators and human service professionals over the past 20 years. Disproportionate rates of school failure, dropout, and incarceration all speak to the need to develop interventions, which can account for the structural and ecological factors that impact African-American families and African-American children† (209). Even the United States Senate has noticed the new disturbing trend among African  American males. According to United States Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) â€Å"in 1999, 65 percent of African-American male high school dropouts in their 20s were jobless. He added that by 2004, the share had increased to 72 percent, as compared to 29 percent of whites and 19 percent of Latinos.† Schumer also noted â€Å"the incarceration rate of young African-American males is at historic highs, more than half of African-American males do not finish high school, and an African-American man in his 20s without a high school diploma is more likely to be in jail than to be working† (Wright, 2007, p.4). Family Structure/Foundation In America, the traditional family structure consists of a mother and a father. According to May, â€Å"In the 1950’s the normative American family consisted of a breadwinner father, homemaker mother, and several children, all living in homes in the suburbs on the outskirts of a larger city. It was a narrow view of a model family, yet it pervaded the media and was widely accepted as the ideal and most normal† ( p.20). Today, the dynamic of the American family structure is much different. Bishop (1991, p 23 ) stated that â€Å"In the 1990s there are still traditional families with parents and children, but the definition of a family has broadened considerably. Children are raised by many varieties of caring adults: single parents, grandparents, kin-networks, homosexual couples, and others. Even traditional appearing families are often blended families of children from different biological parents.† African American families have similar dynamics. Billingsley (1968, p. 36) â€Å"identified three categories of African American families: primary families (e.g., two-parent), extended families (e.g., other relatives, in-laws), and augmented families (e.g., nonrelated individuals).† The structure of the African American family has not remained static over the years. According to Tucker and Mitchell-Kernan (1995) African American women are now twice as likely to maintain families solely then they were in 1940. Another trend involves women heading the household. According to Darity and Myers (1995, p. 1), â€Å"The rise in female-headed families among African Americans has been swift. Twenty-eight percent of African American families were headed by women in 1970, and 46% were female headed. This data make it clear that patterns of African American family formation have undergone substantial change over the past 50  years in a number of important aspects. The absence of fathers from the homes has been associated with delinqu ency. According to Auletta, â€Å"living in single-mother household has been suggested as a contributing factor in the development of adolescent problem behaviors† (p.23). There are other concerns with the African American family that involve marriage. According to Tucker and Mitchell-Kernan (1995), â€Å"the proportion of African American women and men who marry has declined by 20% over the past 50 years, compared to the general population that has remained steady. The combined impact of delayed marriage, more non-marriage, high divorce rates, and a high rate of births out of wedlock are observed as having a profound effect on family formation in the African American community. Four out of every 10 African American families have a woman maintaining the family without the support of another adult. These trends are directly related to the well being of African American families and communities. Unemployment In the African American community there are several challenges for young African American males. The lack of jobs has a lot to do with poverty and continues to plague the African American community. According to McAdoo (p. 15), High rates of unemployment have had a profound impact upon the African-American community. Discrimination, inequalities in hiring and recessions, plant closings, the removal of high paying, industrial and manufacturing jobs to rural America and Third World countries have removed a number of African-American males from the urban employment sector. Historically, the rate of unemployment among African-American men has been twice that of White America. On the east coast the unemployment rates are even more disproportionate. Currently in major urban cities like Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New York, 35-55% of African-American males between the ages of 18 and 35 are unemployed (National Urban League, 2005). According to Dubowitz (1999), â€Å"Currently 24.4% of African-Americans live in poverty as compared to only 8.2% of Whites and 22.5% of Hispanics.†(p.55)† There have been other studies that reveal males are more likely to remove themselves from their family when they are unable to provide financial support (Livingston & McAdoo, 1993). For African-American Families, and African-American male children in particular, high rates of male unemployment can create a context of fatherlessness, economic  instability, poverty, hopelessness characterized of manifested in children by low expectations, increased rates of high school drop out, and high rates of delinquency, which eventually assist in maintaining the context of persistent poverty (McAdoo, 1993). Unemployment can create multiple mental and psychological problems for African American male students Drugs in the African American Community There is an increased concerned about drugs in the African American community. In the African American community, children endure the most pain when fathers or brothers are missing because they are in jail. According to Newman (2005), â€Å"One reason why many fathers can’t be with their families is because of this country’s misguided war on drugs. Of the 2 million people behind bars in America, more than 450,000 are there for drug offenses. While drug abuse doesn’t discriminate, our drug policies do.† (pg12), Another statistic indicate that African Americans are more likely to go to jail for drug offences. According to Newman (2005,), â€Å"Despite roughly equal drug use between African-Americans and Whites, African-Americans are 13 times more likely to go to jail for drugs than Whites. In New York, 93% of the people in jail under the Rockefeller drug laws are African-American and Latino. Offering people treatment and help instead of incarceration for th eir drug addictions would not only save this country much-needed resources, it would help keep thousands of fathers with their families.†(pg12) There is another puzzling situation in the low-income African American community related to drugs. There are higher risk factors that create an environment more conducive to drug abuse and incarceration. According to Schensul (2005, p.39), â€Å"The drug use of low-income African American emerging adults is more troublesome because those protective factors associated with the role changes that mark emerging adulthood in middle class white youths and many youths of color are not necessarily available to poor young people.† These statistics reflect a correlation between income, drugs, and possible incarceration. Schensul (2005) noted that urban low-income youths experience many of the same developmental transitions as their middle-class counterparts. Some of the factors that promote drug use include increased residential instability, expanded and diversified social networks, exposure to high risk settings, and negative  social influences that support and promote the use of drugs and alcohol. However, urban students are subject to inadequate primary and secondary school education, family stressors stemming from the vagaries of impoverishment and government social policies, limited local professional role models, and few job opportunities that guarantee salaries and benefits above the poverty level. Material goods can also play a key role in the lifestyle of young African American males. According to McCord, J. (1990,), Sometimes there are families struggle that are related to school life (fashionable clothing and social life) but may not be able to do so for emerging adults whose financial needs are increasing. Selling marijuana is an option for intermittent income supplementation, and many youths have friends or relatives who are in a position to supply them with small amounts from time to time. Once involved in drug selling networks, youths can move to selling additional drugs if they believe it is reasonable to accept the associated risks. This means that students are willing to take unnecessary risk.(pg 35). Crime and Violence in the African American Community In the African American community there is a mistrust of law enforcement. According to McCord, (1990), Unlike suburban White youths, however, African American and Latino youths are targets for street violence, arrest, and police harassment and abuse. Once imprisoned, or on parole as adults, their institutional record may preclude voting and render them ineligible for employment opportunities. Imprisonment may introduce them to gang members or prospective customers. (p. 44) Studies also revealed that certain minority youth are at greater risk for violent behaviors. According to Fitzpatrick and LaGory (2000,), â€Å"Specifically, African-American adolescents are more likely than White, Hispanic, or Asian youth to instigate physical fighting and weapon-related violence and to suffer both fatal and nonfatal injuries from physical assaults. Not only are minority youth at greater risk for victimization by aggressive peers, they are more likely to perpetrate violence.†(p. 21) African Americans are at higher risk to have more fatal injuries than Whites. This results in higher homicide rates. Many prominent African Americans have shown concern about young African American students. The most notable of the critics, Bill  Cosby, has been vocal regarding the number of African-American men who are incarcerated and the growing number of poor African-American children who are being raised by irresponsible parents. Cosby publicly chastised many in the African-American community for not doing enough to deal with critical problems and issues, such as illiteracy, poverty, crime and violence, which remain challenges in the African American community. Cosby told a packed crowd gathered at a 50th anniversary celebration commemorating the Brown v. Board of Education decision â€Å"the ladies and gentleman of the lower economic people are not holding up their end in this deal.† These people are not parenting. They are buying things for kids — $500 sneakers for what? And yet they won’t spend $200 for Hooked on Phonics† (Watson, 2004, p. 10), Even though Cosby’s statements were harsh, they created a debate, which stirred conversation in the African American community. Incarceration According to Kunjufu (2001, p. 15 ), â€Å"over the past twenty years there has been a decline in violent crime in the United States. But in the African American community there has been an opposite trend. There are several factors that cause these trends, including poverty, family structure, high unemployment rates, crime, drugs and education.† Kunjufu also reported that African-American males in juvenile detention centers and prison have increased in recent years. Each year, thousands of young boys are placed in detention centers and adult facilities. Although African American males comprise only about 6% of the population of the, they represent over 50% of the penal population (Kunjufu, 2001). There are several other statistics that prove alarming to the African American community and the rest of the citizens in the United States. According, to Kunjufu â€Å"Currently one in three Africans American males between the ages of 20-29 is either in jail or on probation. The overwhelming majority of these men have been arrested and detained due to drug convictions.† (p. 26), Another statistic is that there are major inequities when it comes to sentencing of African American males. According to Livingston and Nahimana, â€Å"inequities in sentencing have lead to longer jail and prison terms for these young men at the most malleable period in their development. The return into the drug trade and the life of crime becomes a viable choice for many of these young men, accounting for the high rates of recidivism for  young African American males† (p.11). This is alarming because of high unemployment and limited education as well as the fact that prior conviction can lead to long term prison. The incarceration of African American males has had a dynamic effect on the community. According to Arias (2007), â€Å"The overwhelmingly high rate of incarceration among African-American men in America is striking a blow not only to the health and well-being of those men but also to their families and communities.† (p.20) This study reported that 12% of young African American males between the ages of 20-39 have been taken out of the household. This places a tremendous strain on African American women to take care of the household. Another staggering statistic is that only 62 percent of African American males graduate from high school. According to National Urban League Panel (2005, p.1), On average, only 62 percent of African-American males graduate from high school with their original class. African-American males make up only 6 percent of the United States population, but 40 percent of the prison population. Forty percent of those African-American inmates are between the ages of 17 and 26. (National Urban League Panel,). The age group between 17 and 26 is the age group that will likely attend college. If these current trends continue, there will be a tremendous increase in the number of African American males incarcerated. According to Pluviose (2006,)â€Å"by 2020, if current trends hold, that figure will rise to more than 65 percent for African-American men between the ages of 20 and 29.† (p. 22), These figures illustrate a tremendous need for employment and educational programs. The prison rate of African American males has had substantial economic impact on the African-American community. According to Holmes and Hughes (2003, p. 44), â€Å"incarceration rates in the United States, prison and jail inmates at midyear in 2002, reported that 12.9% of African-American males between the ages of 25 and 29 were incarcerated.† Segregated Schools What would Horace Mann think about the state of education today? Horace Mann was the father of the American school system. According to Hubbard (2005), Horace Mann believed that the common schools should be available to everyone. He wanted them to be available to people that were rich, poor, and of different backgrounds. As mentioned earlier Brown vs. the Board of Education was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court which outlawed racial segregation within public education facilities. In Brown II, the Supreme Court delegated the task of carrying out the desegregation to district courts with orders that desegregation occur â€Å"with all deliberate speed† (The United States, 1954). The current challenge that urban education face is called the No Child Left Behind Act. According to The United States Department of Education (2007) â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-110), commonly known as NCLB, is a United States federal law that was passed in the House of Representatives on May 23, 2001. This law was signed on January 8, 2002, and reauthorized a number of federal programs aiming to improve the performance of United States primary and secondary schools by increasing the standards of accountability for states, school districts and schools, as well as providing parents more flexibility in choosing which schools their children would attend. Additionally, NCLB promotes an increased focus on reading and re-authorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (NCLB, 2007). One of the many challenges with No Child Left Behind is that the goals are commendable, but the expectations are unreasonable because of the deterioration of the urban schools school district. The next challenge in urban education the education of African American males. According to Misani (2007,) â€Å"nationally between one-half and two-thirds of African male students drop out of school.† In addition, the research disclosed a 65 percent dropout rate in Chicago, with only 35 percent of African-American male students graduating from high school. In New York, the dropout rate is 74 percent, with merely 26 percent of African-American male students graduating.† p. 34) This is a tragic situation in urban schools when nearly seventy five percent of the African American male students are not graduating. According to Smith (2005, p. 27), â€Å"the drop out rates for African American males in metropolitan areas is well over 50 percent. Another trend is that some African American males believe that it is easier to drop out than to complete high school Bowye (2007, p.3) stated, â€Å"It is  most disturbing that dropping out of high school is more common than graduating from high school for children of color.† Focusing on another disconcerting trend within the community for African-American young men, Dr. Hodge pointed out: â€Å"Going to jail is becoming the common experience for children of color† (Misani, 2007, p.35). If African American children continue to think this way, many are headed for prison and the crime rate will steadily increase in these areas. There is also a problem when it comes to the placement of African American males in education. There are disproportionate numbers of African American males placed in special education and suspended from school. According to Rodney and Crafter (1999, p.185), â€Å"Nationally African American males score lower than any other groups on standardized test and are three times more likely than their Caucasian American counterparts to be misplaced in special education or classes for slow learners.† When situations like this continue to occur students feel neglected and are more likely to drop out of school. Many African American students think that the American educational system is unfair. According to Misani (2007, p. 34), â€Å"African-American boys are disproportionately and inappropriately assigned to special education classes, expelled and suspended from school, and underrepresented in college preparatory classes.† Consequently the study concluded: â€Å"Many of those who graduate are not prepared for college or further educational training.† (Misani, 2007 p.34) African American males represent 8.6 % of the nation’s public students in 2000-2001, but in some districts, they make up as much as 41 percent of the special education population (Smith, 2005).